23.1 Hardin-Drnevich Model

In the Hardin-Drnevich model, the relationship between shear stress and shear strain is defined by

$$\tau {\frac{{G_\mathrm{max}\gamma}}{{1+\frac{\gamma}{\gamma_\mathrm{r}}}}}$$ (23.4)

with $\gamma_{\mathrm}^{}$r the material parameter representing the characteristic shear strain. The parameter Gmax representing the maximum tangent shear modulus is calculated from:

$${\frac{{E}}{{2\left(1+\nu\right)}}}$$ (23.5)

where E and $\nu$ are the initial Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, respectively.